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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:20.0pt'>撒哈拉以南的非洲</p>

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<p style='margin:0in;font-size:10.0pt;color:#767676'><span style='font-family:
Calibri'>2020</span><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>年</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri'>2</span><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>月</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri'>18</span><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>日</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.0pt;color:#767676'>17:09</p>

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<h1 style='margin-top:28pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:"微软雅黑 Light";
font-size:16.0pt;color:#1E4E79'>一、位置和范围</h1>

<h2 style='margin-top:21pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14.0pt;
color:#2E75B5'><span lang=zh-CN>（</span><span lang=en-US>1</span><span
lang=zh-CN>）位置和范围</span></h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>赤道穿过中部，绝大部分为热带。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>绝大部分位于非洲撒哈拉沙漠中部以南，面积约占非洲的</span><span
lang=en-US>4/5</span><span lang=zh-CN>，国家近</span><span lang=en-US>50</span><span
lang=zh-CN>个，占非洲国家总数的</span><span lang=en-US>90</span><span lang=zh-CN>％</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="撒哈拉以南的非洲.files/image001.png" width=371
height=444 alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;10&#10;20&#10;非洲地形&#10;10"></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="撒哈拉以南的非洲.files/image002.png" width=364
height=357
alt="埠 洛 哥 &#10;内 加 &#10;几 内 亚 比 &#10;几 内 亚 &#10;尔 吉 利 亚 利 比 亚 埃 及 &#10;马 里 尼 日 尔 &#10;乍 芴 丹 &#10;中 非 &#10;民 主 共 和 国 &#10;椠 &#10;圣 多 美 和 普 林 西 比 &#10;适 几 内 亚 &#10;巳 立 持 里 亚 &#10;吉 布 提 &#10;丑 达 · &#10;马 拉 维 &#10;摩 罗 &#10;毛 里 斯 &#10;比 亚 &#10;尼 汪 岛 &#10;达 加 斯 加 &#10;斯 威 士 兰 "></p>

<h2 style='margin-top:24pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14.0pt;
color:#2E75B5'><span lang=zh-CN>（</span><span lang=en-US>2</span><span
lang=zh-CN>）海陆位置</span></h2>

<p style='margin-top:24pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>撒哈拉沙漠以南，东临印度洋，西接大西洋</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="撒哈拉以南的非洲.files/image003.png" width=330
height=330></p>

<p style='margin-top:28pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:11.0pt'><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US>A </span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑'
lang=zh-CN>地中海</span><span style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><span style='font-family:Calibri'
lang=zh-CN>B</span><span style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US> </span><span
style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>直布罗陀海峡</span><span style='font-family:Calibri'
lang=en-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=zh-CN>C</span><span style='font-family:Calibri'
lang=en-US> </span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>大西洋</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=zh-CN>D</span><span style='font-family:Calibri'
lang=en-US> </span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>几内亚湾</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=zh-CN>E</span><span style='font-family:Calibri'
lang=en-US> </span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>好望角</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=zh-CN>G</span><span style='font-family:Calibri'
lang=en-US> </span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>印度洋</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=zh-CN>H</span><span style='font-family:Calibri'
lang=en-US> </span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>马达加斯加岛</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></p>

<p style='margin-top:28pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:11.0pt'><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=zh-CN>I</span><span style='font-family:Calibri'
lang=en-US> </span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>莫桑比克海峡</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=zh-CN>J</span><span style='font-family:Calibri'
lang=en-US> </span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>索马里半岛</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=zh-CN>K</span><span style='font-family:Calibri'
lang=en-US> </span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>曼德海峡</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=zh-CN>L</span><span style='font-family:Calibri'
lang=en-US> </span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>红海</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=zh-CN>M</span><span style='font-family:Calibri'
lang=en-US> </span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>苏伊士运河</span></p>

<h1 style='margin-top:28pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16.0pt;
color:#1E4E79'>二、自然地理特征</h1>

<h2 style='margin-top:28pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'><span
style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US>1.</span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑'
lang=zh-CN>地形（高原大陆）</span></h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-size:11.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>（</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri'>1</span><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）地形以高原为主，起伏和缓</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-size:11.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>（</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri'>2</span><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）地势由东南</span><span
style='font-family:微软雅黑'>向</span><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>西北倾斜</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-size:11.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>（</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri'>3</span><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）海岸线平直（少海湾、半岛、岛屿）</span></p>

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<table border=1 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 valign=top style='direction:ltr;
 border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:
 1pt' title="" summary="">
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.9854in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>三大高原：</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.8513in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>埃塞俄比亚高原</span><span
  lang=en-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><span lang=zh-CN>——大盆地：刚果盆地</span></p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>南非高原</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>东非高原</p>
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 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.9854in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>两条山脉：</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.7819in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>德拉肯斯山</span><span
  lang=en-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><span lang=zh-CN>——大裂谷：东非大裂谷</span></p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>阿特拉斯山</p>
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 </tr>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="撒哈拉以南的非洲.files/image004.png" width=281
height=306
alt="、 自 然 地 理 特 征 &#10;高 里 半 &#10;比 &#10;0 刂 0 識 &#10;力 ， 到 L 罗 山 &#10;丬 高 原 &#10;《 米 以 上 &#10;回 0 &#10;2 闐 刁 J 米 &#10;《 妣 米 以 忄 &#10;0 &#10;旧 刈 千 米 &#10;本 区 北 巽 &#10;望 角 "></p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'>&nbsp;</h2>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'>东非裂谷带的起止点在哪里？是怎样形成的？</h2>

<p style='margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span
lang=zh-CN>东非大裂谷位于非洲东部，向北纵贯东非高原和埃塞俄比亚高原，总长达</span><span lang=en-US>6400</span><span
lang=zh-CN>多千米，宽</span><span lang=en-US>50—80</span><span lang=zh-CN>千米，是世界陆地上最大的断裂带，被称为“大地的伤疤”</span></p>

<p style='margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span
lang=zh-CN>据科学家测定，裂谷北端的红海每年扩张</span><span lang=en-US>2</span><span lang=zh-CN>厘米，大陆裂谷每年加宽数厘米。再过</span><span
lang=en-US>1</span><span lang=zh-CN>亿年，大裂谷就会被彻底撕裂，形成一个新的“大洋”。</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="撒哈拉以南的非洲.files/image005.png" width=330
height=378 alt="维 多 利 亚 湖 &#10;比 西 河 ， 一 &#10;东 非 裂 谷 带 示 意 图 "></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span style='font-weight:
bold'>范围：南起赞比西河口，北经红海，一直延伸到死海附近</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span style='font-weight:
bold'>形成：板块张裂处断裂下陷形成</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>裂谷带两岸悬崖壁立</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>有许多活和死火山分布<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>   </span>非洲的最高峰乞力马扎罗山（死火山），海拔</span><span lang=en-US>5895</span><span
lang=zh-CN>米。</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>谷底湖泊连串：坦噶尼喀湖是非洲最深而狭长的湖泊。维多利亚湖非洲最大的湖泊</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style='margin-top:21pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14.0pt;
color:#2E75B5'>分析：刚果盆地的成因</h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>原为内陆湖，后因地壳抬升，原始的刚果河切穿盆地西缘</span><span
lang=en-US>,</span><span lang=zh-CN>湖水外泄</span><span lang=en-US>,</span><span
lang=zh-CN>内陆湖逐渐消失</span><span lang=en-US>,</span><span lang=zh-CN>形成刚果盆地。</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="撒哈拉以南的非洲.files/image006.png" width=534
height=282
alt="刚 以 地 &#10;西 &#10;几 门 亚 &#10;力 马 扎 罗 山 &#10;o 米 以 &#10;2 的 米 以 &#10;0 闐 T 米 &#10;噹 拉 以 南 非 脚 也 形 荃 "></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'><span style='font-family:
Calibri' lang=en-US>2.</span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>河湖</span></h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>尼罗河：世界最长</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>刚果河：水能世界第一，水量充沛，落差大</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>维多利亚湖：非洲最大，世界第二大淡水湖（次于苏必利尔湖）</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>坦噶尼喀湖：非洲最深，世界第二深（次于贝加尔湖）</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:黑体;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'>&nbsp;</h3>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:黑体;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'>◇关于刚果河</h3>

<h6 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;color:#2E75B5'><span
style='font-style:italic'>源地、流向、注入海洋、水系类型：</span></h6>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>发源于东非高原，干流流贯刚果盆地，呈一大弧形，自东向西两次穿过赤道，最后注入大西洋。向心状水系</p>

<h6 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt;color:#2E75B5'><span
style='font-style:italic'>水文特征：</span></h6>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span style='font-weight:
bold'>流量丰富（仅次于亚马孙河</span>）<span style='font-weight:bold'>：</span>流经热带雨林气候区，流降水丰富；流域面积大；支流众多。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span style='font-weight:
bold'>径流季节变化小：</span>地处热带雨林气候区，降水季节分配均匀，流量稳定。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span style='font-weight:
bold'>含沙量小：</span>热带雨林广布，水土流失较轻河流含沙量少 ；多流于盆地中，流速较小，泥沙易于沉积 。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span style='font-weight:
bold'>水能资源丰富（世界第一）：</span>流量大；落差大，流速快。</p>

<h4 style='margin-top:16pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'><span
style='font-style:italic;font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US>1.</span><span
style='font-style:italic;font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>刚果河向心状水系成因？</span></h4>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>东北南三面地势高，中心盆地低</p>

<h4 style='margin:0in;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'><span style='font-style:
italic;font-family:Calibri'>2.</span><span style='font-style:italic;font-family:
微软雅黑'>刚果河没有形成明显三角洲的原因？</span></h4>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>流域内热带雨林广布，水土流失较轻,河流含沙量少；多流于盆地中，流速较小，泥沙易于沉积；入海口处地形高差大，流速快，泥沙不易沉积</p>

<h4 style='margin:0in;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'><span style='font-style:
italic;font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US>3</span><span style='font-style:italic;
font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>、刚果河的航运条件如何？</span></h4>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>上游：水流湍急</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>中游： 流经刚果盆地中部，地势低平，<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>落差小，水流平稳；降水量大，水量丰富，河宽水深，利于航运。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>下游：切穿西部高地，形成一系列瀑布，落差大，不能通航。</p>

<h4 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'><span
style='font-style:italic' lang=en-US>4</span><span style='font-style:italic'
lang=zh-CN>、刚果河能否实现河海联运？</span></h4>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>刚果河中游航运便利，但是在入海口的河段多急流瀑<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>布，河海不能联运。</span><span lang=en-US>0</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'><span style='font-family:
Calibri' lang=en-US>3.</span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>气候</span></h2>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'><span style='font-family:
微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>（</span><span style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US>1</span><span
style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>）气候分布特点</span></h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=en-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>   </span></span><span lang=zh-CN>①以赤道为轴，南北对称分布</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=en-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>   </span></span><span lang=zh-CN>②纬度地带性明显</span></p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'><span style='font-family:
微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>（</span><span style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US>2</span><span
style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>）气候类型</span></h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>热带雨林气候、热带草原气候、热带沙漠气候、地中海气候、高原山地气候</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="撒哈拉以南的非洲.files/image007.png" width=345
height=363 alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;亚热带和带沙气候&#10;亚热和热带沙瀵候&#10;地中海气候"></p>

<h3 style='margin-top:28pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'>气候南北对称，而且带状分布明显的原因：</h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>a.赤道穿过中部，南北跨度相当；</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>b.地形比较单一，起伏和缓；</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>c.海岸线平直，使气候受非地带性因素的干扰小，从而使非洲气候呈明显的带状且南北对称分布，纬度地带性明显</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'><span
lang=zh-CN>（</span><span lang=en-US>3</span><span lang=zh-CN>）非地带性现象</span></h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>①东非高原的赤道地区——热带草原气候</span><span
lang=en-US> </span><span style='color:#00B0F0' lang=zh-CN>成因：</span><span
lang=zh-CN>地势高，气温低，对流弱，降水少</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>②马达加斯加岛东侧——热带雨林气候</span><span
lang=en-US> </span><span style='color:#00B0F0' lang=zh-CN>成因：</span><span
lang=zh-CN>东南信风的迎风坡，多地形雨；沿岸暖流经过，增温增湿</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>③本格拉寒流和加那利寒流沿岸地区——热带沙漠气候</span><span
style='color:#00B0F0' lang=en-US> </span><span style='color:#00B0F0'
lang=zh-CN>成因：</span><span lang=zh-CN>沿岸寒流经过，降温减湿</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>④索马里半岛沿岸——热带沙漠气候</span><span
style='color:#00B0F0' lang=en-US> </span><span style='color:#00B0F0'
lang=zh-CN>成因：</span><span lang=zh-CN>冬季</span><span lang=en-US> </span><span
lang=zh-CN>干燥的东北风；夏季</span><span lang=en-US> </span><span lang=zh-CN>沿岸上升寒流</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'><span style='font-family:
微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>（</span><span style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US>4</span><span
style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>）自然带</span></h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>以赤道为中心，南北带状对称分布</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="撒哈拉以南的非洲.files/image008.png" width=285
height=318
alt="亚 热 带 常 绿 硬 叶 林 带 &#10;热 带 荒 漠 带 &#10;热 带 草 原 带 &#10;热 带 雨 林 带 &#10;热 带 草 原 带 &#10;热 带 荒 漠 带 &#10;亚 热 带 常 绿 硬 叶 林 带 &#10;0 "></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'><span style='font-family:
微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>（</span><span style='font-family:Calibri' lang=en-US>5</span><span
style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>）资源</span></h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>1、矿产资源非常丰富，不仅种类多，而且储量大，其中不少矿产占世界重要地位。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>2、在世界上，南非是出产黄金最多的国家，几内亚是出产铝土最多的国家，赞比亚是出产铜矿的重要国家。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>3.石油比不上北非丰富，但几内亚湾沿岸的石油也很可观。尼日利亚是本区重要的石油生产国和输出地。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16.0pt;color:#1E4E79'>二、人文地理特征</h1>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'><span style='font-family:
Calibri' lang=en-US>1.</span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑' lang=zh-CN>人口</span></h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-size:11.0pt'><span style='font-family:微软雅黑'>（</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri'>1</span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑'>）总人口多：非洲人口在</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri'>2007</span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑'>年达到</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri'>6.62</span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑'>亿</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-size:11.0pt'><span style='font-family:微软雅黑'>（</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri'>2</span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑'>）人口增长快：非洲是世界上人口出生率、死亡率、自然增长率最高的大洲，人口自然增长率约为</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri'>2.8%</span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑'>，撒哈拉以南有的地区高达</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri'>3.0%</span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑'>。</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'><span style='font-family:
Calibri'>2.</span><span style='font-family:微软雅黑'>初级产品为主的经济</span></h2>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="撒哈拉以南的非洲.files/image009.png" width=428
height=220 alt="哈 南 &#10;非 洲 家 &#10;賃 易 "></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>主要依靠一种或几种初级产品出口</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'><span style='font-family:
Calibri'>3.</span><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>人口、粮食与环境问</span><span
style='font-family:微软雅黑'>题</span></h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>人口：人口增长过快，非洲人口自然增长率在世界各大洲中居首位，约为28‰，撒哈位以南更高达30
‰</span><span lang=en-US> --&gt;</span><span lang=zh-CN>控制人口增长速度，提高人口素质</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>粮食：长期遭受帝国主义、殖民主义的统治和剥削，农牧业生产落后，产量很低。粮食的增长低于人口的增长</span><span
lang=en-US> --&gt; </span><span lang=zh-CN>提高农牧业生产水平</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'><span lang=zh-CN>环境：为了多产粮食，盲目扩大耕地（砍伐森林，开垦草原，过度放牧），土壤肥力丧失，草场退化，沙漠面积扩大，环境恶化</span><span
lang=en-US> --&gt; </span><span lang=zh-CN>保护自然环境</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

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